diff --git a/nix/checks.nix b/nix/checks.nix
index 3bda47a906..26a9f096a2 100644
--- a/nix/checks.nix
+++ b/nix/checks.nix
@@ -925,6 +925,45 @@
             postgresql_17_src
             ;
           psql_orioledb-17_exts_orioledb_debug = self'.legacyPackages.psql_orioledb-17.exts.orioledb.debug;
+          glibc-version-check =
+            let
+              checkScript = pkgs.writers.writeNuBin "check-glibc-version" (
+                builtins.readFile ./tools/check-glibc-version.nu
+              );
+              # supautils is dlopened into already-running legacy pre-nix postgres, so it needs a lower floor than an AMI build.
+              legacyPaths = [
+                self'.legacyPackages.psql_15.exts.supautils
+                self'.legacyPackages.psql_17.exts.supautils
+                self'.legacyPackages."psql_orioledb-17".exts.supautils
+              ];
+              # gatekeeper is dlopened by the base AMI's own system PAM stack, not postgres's nix
+              # closure, so it isn't covered by "core and extensions share one glibc" — pin it
+              # explicitly so a future nixpkgs glibc bump can't silently outrun the base image.
+              pamPaths = [ self'.packages.gatekeeper ];
+            in
+            pkgs.runCommand "glibc-version-check"
+              {
+                nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.binutils ];
+                inherit legacyPaths pamPaths;
+              }
+              ''
+                # 2.31: Ubuntu 20.04's glibc.
+                ${lib.getExe checkScript} 2.31 $legacyPaths
+                # 2.40: current core floor.
+                ${lib.getExe checkScript} 2.40 $pamPaths
+                touch $out
+              '';
+          collation-version-check =
+            let
+              baseline = "glibc-2.40-66";
+              actual = pkgs.glibc.name;
+            in
+            assert lib.assertMsg (actual == baseline) ''
+              glibc collation data changed: baseline is ${baseline}, build has ${actual}.
+              This can change collation versions and require a reindex.
+              If this bump has been reviewed for collation safety, update the baseline in nix/checks.nix to match.
+            '';
+            pkgs.runCommand "collation-version-check" { } "touch $out";
         };
     };
 }
diff --git a/nix/tools/check-glibc-version.nu b/nix/tools/check-glibc-version.nu
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d785dc2bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nix/tools/check-glibc-version.nu
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env nu
+
+def parse-version [] {
+    split row "." | each { into int }
+}
+
+def is-elf []: path -> bool {
+    (open --raw $in | bytes at 0..<4) == ("\u{7f}ELF" | into binary)
+}
+
+def max-glibc-version [path: path] {
+    ^objdump -T $path | complete | get stdout
+    | parse -r 'GLIBC_(?<ver>[0-9.]+)' | get ver
+    | each { parse-version }
+    | sort
+    | last
+}
+
+# Fails if any file under the given paths requires a newer glibc than max_version.
+def main [max_version: string, ...paths: path] {
+    let offenders = (
+        $paths
+        | each { glob $"($in)/**/*" } | flatten
+        | where { ($in | path type) == file }
+        | where { is-elf }
+        | par-each { |f| { file: $f, version: (max-glibc-version $f) } }
+        | compact version
+        | where version > ($max_version | parse-version)
+    )
+
+    if ($offenders | is-empty) {
+        print $"glibc version OK \(<= ($max_version)\)"
+        exit 0
+    }
+
+    print ($offenders | update version { str join "." } | table --width 200)
+    exit 1
+}