GH-51303: [C++][Parquet] Update parquet.thrift to sync with 2.14.0

[HuaHuaY]

Rationale for this change

Apache Parquet has just released its format version 2.14.0, which supports ALP, FILE type and some other features. We need to update parquet.thrift and its generated source files to be in sync.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Update parquet.thrift and its generated source files.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [C++][Parquet] Update parquet.thrift to sync with 2.14.0 #51303

[Copilot]

🟡 Changes recommended

ALP collides with the internal UNDEFINED encoding sentinel, preventing correct conversion and round-tripping.

Once you've addressed the issues Copilot identified, you can request another Copilot review.

Pull request overview

Synchronizes Parquet’s C++ Thrift schema and generated bindings with format 2.14.0.

Changes:

• Adds FILE logical type, ALP encoding, and INT96 timestamp ordering.
• Regenerates C++ Thrift serialization and type-support sources.

File summaries

File	Summary
cpp/src/parquet/parquet.thrift	Defines Parquet 2.14.0 schema additions.
cpp/src/generated/parquet_types.tcc	Adds generated serialization logic.
cpp/src/generated/parquet_types.h	Adds generated declarations and enum values.
cpp/src/generated/parquet_types.cpp	Adds generated implementations and enum mappings.

Review details

• Files reviewed: 1/4 changed files
• Comments generated: 0
• Review effort level: Lite

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[Copilot]

🟡 Changes recommended

EncodingToString lacks a mapping for Encoding::ALP.

Once you've addressed the issues Copilot identified, you can request another Copilot review.

Review details

• Files reviewed: 2/5 changed files
• Comments generated: 1
• Review effort level: Lite

[Copilot]

🔵 Needs a closer look

Add the missing Encoding::ALP string mapping and regression test.

Review details

Suppressed comments (1)

cpp/src/parquet/types.h:542

• ALP is now a valid public encoding, but EncodingToString() still has no case Encoding::ALP (cpp/src/parquet/types.cc:250-272). As a result, printer output and diagnostics for ALP metadata report UNKNOWN instead of ALP; please add the mapping (and a regression test) with this enum update.

    ALP = 10,

• Files reviewed: 2/5 changed files
• Comments generated: 0 new
• Review effort level: Lite

[HuaHuaY]

I reverted the changes to Encoding::type. Since I didn't modify functions like EncodingToString in types.cc, leaving things in a half-finished state felt odd.

[Copilot]

🟡 Changes recommended

The ALP enum-value conflict causes incorrect metadata conversion and requires updates to the mirrored enum, sentinel, string conversion, and tests.

Once you've addressed the issues Copilot identified, you can request another Copilot review.

Review details

• Files reviewed: 1/4 changed files
• Comments generated: 1
• Review effort level: Lite

[HuaHuaY]

I think this is acceptable.