[core] Support composite BTree prefix and range queries

[JingsongLi]

Purpose

Extend composite BTree global index queries for Data Evolution tables with equality left prefixes and a range on the first non-equality key column. This follows #10345.

• Build one typed tuple interval for >, >=, <, <= and BETWEEN, including combined bounds and contradictory constraints.
• Seek directly to virtual prefix/range boundaries in SST blocks and prune files by typed key metadata. Preserve the persisted file format and full-key point/Bloom paths.
• Prefer more bounded columns, then more equality columns, then fewer total key columns. For a leading-column-only condition, prefer a dedicated single-column index when its coverage includes the entire composite definition.
• Apply the existing selected-file scan budget to every group of a definition and decline the whole definition if any group exceeds it. Preserve consistent eager/reader fallback and partial coverage behavior.
• Keep conditions on later key columns as row filters and support the existing AND/OR planning paths.
• Document the selection and scan rules. Python and dedicated composite IN/IS NULL optimization remain deferred.

Tests

All scoped final tests pass without the fast-build profile:

Scope	Runtime/profile	Result
Composite, scalar BTree and SST regression tests	JDK 8	377 passed
Query planning and Data Evolution table regression tests	JDK 8	78 passed
Flink composite index SQL/lifecycle test	Flink 1 / JDK 8	1 passed
Flink composite index SQL/lifecycle test	Flink 2 / JDK 11	1 passed
Spark composite index procedure suite	Spark 3 / JDK 8 / Scala 2.12	2 passed
Spark composite index procedure suite	Spark 4 / JDK 17 / Scala 2.13	2 passed

Coverage includes both index file versions, compression and cross-block seeks, open/closed boundaries, NULL components, conflicting constraints, local row-ID ranges, independent single-column indexes, partial coverage, whole-definition budget fallback and eager/reader equivalence.

Checkstyle, Spotless, Maven Enforcer, Apache RAT and git diff --check also pass. Two independent review iterations completed, with the final review reporting no actionable findings.

[leaves12138]

Reviewed 1934e40. No blocking issues found.

Checked the virtual tuple boundaries and SST seeks, open/closed endpoints and NULL exclusion, contradictory constraints, metadata pruning, composite/scalar selection, whole-definition budget fallback, residual predicates, and eager/reader coverage behavior. The persisted index format and full-key point/Bloom path remain unchanged.

Local validation on JDK 8, without fast-build:

• 408 Common regression tests covering composite/scalar BTree and SST readers passed.
• 167 Core regression tests covering query planning, index refresh, Data Evolution tables and related paths passed.
• The Flink 1 composite SQL/lifecycle test passed.
• Both Spark 3 / Scala 2.12 composite procedure tests passed.
• Two additional temporary randomized tests passed: 2,400 interval evaluations across BTree v1/v2, with and without local row-ID clipping, compared against row-level evaluation of the covered predicates. These exercise reordered and conflicting equality/range constraints, NULLs, and boundary suffixes.

Full GitHub CI still has pending jobs at review time. Flink 2 and Spark 4 were not rerun locally.