FesmData

Repository to manage data processing strategies to provide input to FESMs or for data analysis or comparison. Each source dataset is managed within its own sub-directory (which serves as the identifying "Key" in the tables below). Within a dataset's sub-directory, we should at least have:

1. A README.md file with general information, sources and references, the licence, instructions for how to obtain the original data and process them into a useable format (e.g. onto a desired grid) and any additional important notes (like unexpected behavior, exceptions, things to look out for, etc.).
2. Scripts/programs/tools needed to process the data as described in the README.

The data itself most often should not be stored in this repository itself. In fact, it is preferred if the first step of the instructions provided explain how to obtain the original data. As a rule of thumb, if the original dataset is < 10 Mb, consider including it directly within the repository for convenience, but please still document how it can be obtained. This will ensure the processed data can be recreated in the most reliable way possible. See Lucazeau2019_ghf as an example.

Datasets

The v2 datasets (Topo, Regions, and the thematic datasets GHF, Velocity, SMB, ...) are released on the grids of the model domains, from the base grid of each domain (25 m to 2 km) to 32 km, and on global lon-lat grids; the Records datasets (IceCores, RSL, ...) hold non-gridded data. The website lists them (datasets, products, domains) and explains how to download them.

Code

In v2, every dataset is made from the original sources: a prepare.jl per source writes its data in a simple standard form, which is then remapped onto the grids of the model domains (thematic datasets such as GHF, defined by a remap.toml), merged by a pipeline of its own (Topo, Regions), or copied as it is (Records). All commands go through julia fesmdata.jl (julia fesmdata.jl help). The developer pages of the website describe the method and the code, the machines and storage, adding a dataset and releasing.

Alternative and past approaches

In the past, we used the gridding (https://github.com/alex-robinson/gridding) program to handle remapping (and preprocessing) of a wide variety of datasets that were relevant for ice-sheet modeling. This was how the original ice_data repository of gridded datasets was populated. It worked well, but was difficult to modify for new datasets, since it is entirely in Fortran, and requires configuration and compilation. For this reason, remapping via conservative interpolation using cdo became the favored approach for individual datasets. What was not included then was the preprocessing steps needed before applying interpolation. The v2 method reproduces the ice_data datasets from their original sources, with each step documented.

Source folders (alphabetical order)

Category	Key	Description	Ref(s)
paleo	Ahn2017_ProbStack	Probabilistic benthic d18O stack, 5 Myr	Ahn et al. (2017)
ice	ATL15_dzdt	Surface elevation change rate, ICESat-2 ATL15 v6	Smith et al. (2026)
paleo	Badgeley2020_recon	Greenland temperature and precipitation, 20 ka to present	Badgeley et al. (2020)
geo	Bagge2021_visc	Global 3D mantle viscosity	Bagge et al. (2021)
geo	Baranov2021_sed	Antarctic sediment thickness, ANTASed	Baranov et al. (2021)
paleo	Barker2011_GLTsyn	Synthetic Greenland record GLT_syn, 800 kyr	Barker et al. (2011)
paleo	Batchelor2019_NHIceMasks	Northern Hemisphere ice extents, 18 time slices	Batchelor et al. (2019)
paleo	Batchelor2019_PaleoMIST_lgc	Global ice extents of the last glacial cycle (Batchelor north, PaleoMIST south)	Batchelor et al. (2019), Gowan et al. (2021)
paleo	Bereiter2015_CO2	Antarctic ice core CO2 composite, 800 kyr	Bereiter et al. (2015)
paleo	Berends2021_sealevel	Sea level and CO2 of an ice-sheet-climate model, 3.6 Myr	Berends et al. (2021)
paleo	Bintanja2008_sealevel	Sea level, NH ice volume and temperature, 3 Myr	Bintanja and van de Wal (2008)
paleo	Bouchet2023_AICC2023	AICC2023 ice core chronology (EDC, EDML, NGRIP, TALDICE, Vostok)	Bouchet et al. (2023)
paleo	Buizert2018	Greenland seasonal temperatures, 22 ka to present	Buizert et al. (2018)
paleo	Buizert2018_cores	Seasonal temperatures at Greenland ice core sites, 22 ka	Buizert et al. (2018)
climate	CMIP	Working with CMIP data (CMIP5/CMIP6/etc)	Unpublished
geo	Colgan2021_ghf	Geothermal heat flow of Greenland	Colgan & Wansing (2021)
geo	Colgan2021_topocorr	Topographic correction of geothermal heat flow	Colgan et al. (2021)
geo	Davies2013_ghf	Global geothermal heat flow	Davies (2013)
ice	Dawson2022_basalstate	Antarctic ice sheet basal thermal state	Dawson et al. (2022)
paleo	deBoer2014_sealevel	Sea level and ice sheet contributions, 5.3 Myr	de Boer et al. (2014)
paleo	Dowsett2016_prism4	PRISM4 Pliocene topography and ice sheets	Dowsett et al. (2016)
paleo	EPICA2006_EDML	EDML d18O, 150 kyr	EPICA Community Members (2006)
climate	ERA5	Monthly ERA5 for radiation + moist-stack valid. (v1)	Hersbach et al. (2020)
smb	Fettweis2017_mar314	Greenland SMB and surface climate, MAR v3.14 (ERA5)	Fettweis et al. (2017)
geo	FoxMaule2005_ghf	Geothermal heat flow from satellite magnetic data	Fox Maule et al. (2005)
topo	GEBCO2025	GEBCO 2025 global bath. and topo data (v1)	GEBCO Compilation Group (2025)
paleo	Gkinis2020_NEEMwateriso	NEEM ice core high-resolution water isotopes	Gkinis et al. (2020)
geo	Gowan2019_sed	Surface sediment properties of North America and Greenland	Gowan et al. (2019)
paleo	Gowan2021_PaleoMIST1.0	PaleoMIST 1.0 global ice sheet reconstruction, 80 ka to present	Gowan et al. (2021)
paleo	Gowan2021_PaleoMIST_esl	Sea level from the ice sheets of PaleoMIST 1.0, 80 kyr	Gowan et al. (2021)
paleo	Gowan2023_GAPSLIP_GrIS	Relative sea level data for Greenland	Gowan (2023)
paleo	Grant2014_RedSea	Red Sea relative sea level, 492 kyr	Grant et al. (2014)
geo	Hazzard2023_visc	Antarctic mantle viscosity and lithosphere thickness	Hazzard et al. (2023)
geo	HazzardRichards2024_ghf	Antarctic geothermal heat flow	Hazzard & Richards (2024)
climate	Hersbach2020_era5	ERA5 monthly climatologies	Hersbach et al. (2020)
climate	Jackson2022	NAHosMIP freshwater hosing	Jackson et al. (2022)
ice	Joughin2018	Greenland ice surface velocity	Joughin et al. (2018)
ocean	Jourdain2020_ismip6	ISMIP6 Antarctic ocean climatology (deprecated, see Zhou2026_ismip7ocean)	Jourdain et al. (2020)
paleo	Jouzel2007_EDC	EPICA Dome C deuterium and temperature, 800 kyr	Jouzel et al. (2007)
paleo	Kindler2014	NGRIP temperature reconstruction, 10-120 kyr b2k	Kindler et al. (2014)
paleo	Koehler2017_GHG	CO2, CH4, N2O splines and radiative forcing, 156 kyr	Köhler et al. (2017)
paleo	Lambeck2014_esl	Ice-volume equivalent sea level, 35 ka to present	Lambeck et al. (2014)
paleo	Lambert2012_EDCdust	EPICA Dome C dust flux, 800 kyr	Lambert et al. (2012)
paleo	Laskar2004_orbital	Orbital elements (La2004) and insolation, 5 Ma to +1 Ma	Laskar et al. (2004)
geo	Laske2013_crust1	Sediment thickness of CRUST1.0	Laske et al. (2013)
paleo	Leger2024_PaleoGris	Retreat chronology of the Greenland Ice Sheet	Leger et al. (2024)
paleo	Lisiecki2005_LR04	LR04 benthic d18O stack, 5.3 Myr	Lisiecki and Raymo (2005)
geo	Lloyd2024_visc	Global 3D mantle viscosity from GLAD-M25	Lloyd et al. (2024)
climate	Loeb2018_ceres	CERES EBAF Ed4.2.1 radiative fluxes	Loeb et al. (2018)
geo	Loesing2021_ghf	Geothermal heat flow of Antarctica	Lösing & Ebbing (2021)
ice	Lokkegaard2023_temp_profile	Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles	Løkkegaard et al. (2023)
paleo	Loulergue2008_CH4	EPICA Dome C methane, 800 kyr	Loulergue et al. (2008)
geo	Lucazeau2019_ghf	Global geothermal heat flow	Lucazeau (2019)
ice	MacGregor2025_strat	Radiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet	MacGregor et al. (2025)
ice	Margold2015_icestreams	Ice stream outlines	Margold et al. (2015)
geo	Martos2017_ghf	Antarctic geothermal heat flow	Martos et al. (2017)
geo	Martos2018_ghf	Geothermal heat flux of Greenland	Martos et al. (2018)
paleo	Montoya2008_climber3a	CLIMBER-3α present-day and LGM (weak, strong AMOC) climatologies	Montoya & Levermann (2008)
geo	Mooney2023_ecm1	Sediment thickness of ECM1	Mooney et al. (2023)
geo	Pan2022_litho	Global lithosphere thickness and mantle viscosity	Pan et al. (2022)
paleo	Peltier2004_ice5g	ICE-5G v1.2 ice-sheet reconstruction	Peltier (2004)
paleo	Peltier2015_ice6g	ICE-6G_C (VM5a) ice-sheet and topography reconstruction	Peltier et al. (2015)
paleo	Peltier2018_ice6gd	ICE-6G_D (VM5a) ice thickness and topography of Antarctica	Peltier et al. (2018)
paleo	Petit1999_Vostok	Vostok deuterium and temperature, 420 kyr	Petit et al. (1999)
paleo	PMIP3_cvdp	PMIP3 climatologies (CMIP5 lgm, midHolocene, piControl)	Braconnot et al. (2012)
paleo	PMIP4_cmip6	PMIP4 climatologies (CMIP6 lgm, midHolocene, piControl)	Kageyama et al. (2018)
paleo	Rasmussen2014_GICC05	NGRIP, GRIP, GISP2 d18O and calcium, GICC05modelext	Rasmussen et al. (2014)
masks	Regions	Regions v2: region tree, shelf zone, ice-sheet basins, 25 m-32 km	Multiple (see Regions/README.md)
masks	regions_legacy	Ice relevant regions (v1, deprecated)	Robinson et al. - no ref
ice	Rignot2011_vel	Antarctic ice surface velocity	Rignot et al. (2011)
ocean	Rignot2013_bmelt	Basal melt rates of Antarctic ice shelves	Rignot et al. (2013)
paleo	Rohling2021_sealevel	Sea level and ice sheet volumes, 5.3 Myr	Rohling et al. (2021)
paleo	RSL_GrIS	Relative sea level reconstructions in Greenland	Multiple
topo	RTOPO2	RTopo2 global topography data	Schaffer et al. (2016)
paleo	Schilt2010_N2O	EPICA Dome C nitrous oxide, 800 kyr	Schilt et al. (2010)
masks	Schmidt2025_fwf	Freshwater flux series of the ice sheets by region	Schmidt et al. (2025)
ocean	Schmidtko2014_ocean	Antarctic shelf bottom water	Schmidtko et al. (2014)
geo	Schumacher2018_gps	GPS vertical velocities (GIA uplift rates), global	Schumacher et al. (2018)
geo	Shapiro2004_ghf	Global geothermal heat flow	Shapiro & Ritzwoller (2004)
ice	Smith2020_dzdt	Elevation and thickness change rates, ICESat to ICESat-2	Smith et al. (2020)
paleo	Spratt2016_sealevel	Sea-level stacks, 798 kyr	Spratt and Lisiecki (2016)
geo	Stal2020_ghf	Geothermal heat flow of Antarctica, Aq1	Stål et al. (2021)
paleo	Stenni2011_TALDICE	TALDICE d18O on AICC2012, 153 kyr	Stenni et al. (2011)
paleo	Stokes2016_icestreams	Laurentide ice sheet, ice-stream timing	Stokes et al. (2016)
geo	Straume2019_globsed	Total sediment thickness of the oceans, GlobSed v3	Straume et al. (2019)
smb	SUMup_smb	SMB measurements, SUMup 2025	Vandecrux et al. (2025)
paleo	Tarasov2012_glac1d	GLAC-1D ice-sheet reconstruction, 120 ka to present	Tarasov et al. (2012), Briggs et al. (2014)
topo	Topo	Topography v2: GEBCO2026 + BedMachine/Bedmap3, 25 m-32 km	Multiple (see Topo/README.md)
paleo	Uemura2018_DomeFuji	Dome Fuji water isotopes and temperatures, 720 kyr	Uemura et al. (2012, 2018)
smb	vanDalum2025_racmo24	Antarctic SMB and surface climate, RACMO2.4p1	van Dalum et al. (2025)
smb	vanWessem2023_racmo23	Antarctic SMB and surface climate, RACMO2.3p2	van Wessem et al. (2018, 2023)
paleo	Vinther2009_elevations	Elevations at the ice core locations	Vinther et al. (2009)
paleo	Waelbroeck2002_sealevel	Sea level from benthic foraminifera, 430 kyr	Waelbroeck et al. (2002)
paleo	WAIS2015_WDC	WAIS Divide d18O, 68 kyr	WAIS Divide Project Members (2015)
geo	Wiens2022_visc	Antarctic upper-mantle viscosity	Wiens et al. (2022)
paleo	Willeit2025_climberx	CLIMBER-X Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events (stadial, interstadial climates; transient output)	Willeit et al. (2025)
ocean	Zhou2026_ismip7ocean	ISMIP7 Antarctic ocean climatology	Zhou et al. (2026)
ocean	Zuo2019_oras5	Ocean temperature and salinity from ORAS5	Zuo et al. (2019)