fix(spring): Handle transaction name provider failures

[adinauer]

📜 Description

Handle exceptions from Spring TransactionNameProvider callbacks across event capture, request processing, tracing, and combined providers. Nonfatal failures use <unlabeled transaction> with a custom source, while fatal JVM errors continue to propagate.

Combined providers continue trying later providers after a failure. If none succeeds, they use the safe fallback; ordinary unresolved providers still preserve the existing null result.

The implementation is mirrored across Spring, Spring Jakarta, and Spring 7.

💡 Motivation and Context

A custom transaction-name provider can currently interrupt request processing or event capture. Returning a fixed fallback avoids retaining a partially mutated or sensitive transaction name while keeping the host request available.

The shared TransactionNameProviderUtils classes are public only for cross-package integration use and are annotated @ApiStatus.Internal. Provider-list behavior remains private to CombinedTransactionNameProvider because it has no other production callers.

💚 How did you test it?

• ./gradlew spotlessApply apiDump
• ./gradlew :sentry-spring:test :sentry-spring-jakarta:test :sentry-spring-7:test
• ./gradlew :sentry-spring:apiCheck :sentry-spring-jakarta:apiCheck :sentry-spring-7:apiCheck

📝 Checklist

• I added GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.
• Public API changes reviewed by another Mobile SDK team member or implemented according to the develop docs spec.

🔮 Next steps

None.

[sentry]

📲 Install Builds

Android

🔗 App Name	App ID	Version	Configuration
SDK Size	io.sentry.tests.size	8.59.0 (1)	release

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