Fix @react-native/jest-preset failing under pnpm and Yarn pnpm-mode

[amroaltah]

The preset fails in two ways under strict-isolation installs (pnpm and Yarn pnpm-mode): react-native is not a declared dependency so jest-preset.js cannot resolve it, and the transformIgnorePatterns rule only matches classic node_modules layouts so preset sources ship untransformed.

• Declare react-native as a peer dependency so the installer links it into the preset's scope.
• Move @babel/core from dependencies to peerDependencies: babel-jest peer-depends on it, so it must be provided, but as a direct dependency a strict installer gives the preset its own copy and the consumer's babel.config.js presets would then load under a different @babel/core instance than the consumer's own. A peer keeps one copy, matching how react and react-native are already declared. @babel/runtime stays a direct dependency: the preset's sources are compiled with @babel/plugin-transform-runtime helpers enabled, so the transformed jest/setup.js requires @babel/runtime/helpers/* from the preset's own scope at Jest runtime.
• Resolve the babel-jest transformer from the preset's own scope via require.resolve('babel-jest') instead of the bare specifier.
• Match react-native packages at any nesting depth in transformIgnorePatterns so pnpm (.pnpm/...) and Yarn pnpm-mode (.store/...) layouts still transform preset and react-native sources, while real -suffix packages stay ignored as before.
• Add two regression tests: an isolated-install test proving the preset loads with only declared dependencies linked, and a transform test proving the transformer resolves from the preset scope and the ignore pattern covers pnpm/Yarn layouts without widening.

Known limitation: under Yarn pnpm-mode's .store layout, the virtual-suffix allowance also matches packages like react-native-virtualized-view whose names begin with react-native-, so those get transformed too. The impact is performance-only (extra transform work, no behavior change) and confined to Yarn pnpm-mode.

Fixes #56641.

Changelog:
[General][Fixed] - Fix @react-native/jest-preset failing to resolve react-native and to transform preset sources under pnpm and Yarn pnpm-mode installs

Test Plan:

• Repo Jest suite over packages/jest-preset: 3 suites, 4 tests pass, including the two new regression tests.
• A real-pnpm strict-isolation repro (minimal monorepo installing the preset via file:, hoist=false): before the transformIgnorePatterns fix Jest fails with Cannot use import statement outside a module; with the fix the preset loads and Jest passes.

[amroaltah]

Closing this PR — taking the change through internal review instead. Will link the internal diff here if it gets exported.